Journal: eLife
Article Title: Sperm motility in mice with oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia restored by in vivo injection and electroporation of naked mRNA
doi: 10.7554/eLife.94514
Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Adult Armc2 KO mouse testes were injected with a solution containing Armc2 -mRNA. After injection, the testes were electroporated. At different times (3-, 6-, 10-, 15-, 21-, 28-, and 35-day post -injection), sperm were extracted from the cauda epididymis of the injected testis, and the sample was then examined with a CASA system to identify the percentage of motile spermatozoa ( A1 ). n = 2 for day 15, n = 3 for days 3, 6, and 21, n = 4 for day 10, and n = 5 for days 28 and 35. ( A2 ) Sperm motility parameters of Armc2 −/− -rescued sperm in comparison to Armc2 +/+ sperm. The motility parameters measured were: averaged path velocity (VAP); straight line velocity (VSL); curvilinear velocity (VCL); amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH); beat cross frequency (BCF); straightness (STR); linearity (LIN). Black dots: sperm cells from Armc2 null mice, green dots: sperm cells from Armc2 null mice 35 days after injection with Armc2 -mRNA. Results are expressed as mean ± SD. ( A3 ) Sperm motility population of Armc2 −/− -rescued sperm in comparison to Armc2 −/− sperm. Black column: sperm cells from Armc2 null mice, green column: sperm cells from Armc2 null mice 35 days after injection with ARmc2 -mRNA. Statistical significance was verified using a Mann–Whitney sum test. Data are displayed as mean ± SEM. p values of *≤0.05, **≤0.01, or ***≤0.001 were considered to represent statistically significant differences. ( B ) Morphology of sperm cells in Armc2 KO mice injected or not with Armc2 -mRNA. ( B1, B2 ) Microscopic observation of epididymal sperm cells from a mature WT mouse. ( B3, B4 ) Epididymal sperm cells from a mature Armc2 KO mouse 35 days after injection/electroporation with Armc2 -mRNA. ( B5, B6 ) Epididymal sperm cells from a control Armc2 KO male. Normal sperm cells were observed in the injected condition with Armc2 -mRNA (white arrows). Scale bars: 10 µm.
Article Snippet: Motility of the spermatozoa was evaluated at 37°C with an Olympus microscope and Computer Aided Sperm Analysis (CASA) (CEROS II apparatus; Hamilton Thorne, Beverley, MA, USA).
Techniques: Injection, Comparison, MANN-WHITNEY, Electroporation, Control
